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Components
Select
WCAG 2.2
New WCAG 2.2 criteria affect this component
To use the ‘Select’ and meet the new Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.2 criteria:
<divclass="govuk-form-group"><labelclass="govuk-label"for="sort">
Sort by
</label><selectclass="govuk-select"id="sort"name="sort"><optionvalue="published">Recently published</option><optionvalue="updated"selected>Recently updated</option><optionvalue="views">Most views</option><optionvalue="comments">Most comments</option></select></div>
Nunjucks macro options
Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.
Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description. Deprecated options are marked as “Deprecated”.
If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.
Primary options
Name
Type
Description
id
string
ID for the select box. Defaults to the value of name.
Can be used to add an error message to the select component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null.
See macro options for errorMessage.
The select component should only be used as a last resort in public-facing services because research shows that some users find selects very difficult to use.
When not to use this component
The select component allows users to choose an option from a long list. Before using the select component, try asking users questions which will allow you to present them with fewer options.
Asking questions means you’re less likely to need to use the select component, and can consider using a different solution, such as a Radios component.
How it works
If you use the component for settings, you can make an option pre-selected by default when users first see it.
If you use the component for questions, you should not pre-select any of the options in case it influences users’ answers.
There are 2 ways to use the select component. You can use HTML or, if you’re using Nunjucks or the GOV.UK Prototype Kit, you can use the Nunjucks macro.
<divclass="govuk-form-group"><labelclass="govuk-label"for="sort">
Sort by
</label><selectclass="govuk-select"id="sort"name="sort"><optionvalue="published">Recently published</option><optionvalue="updated"selected>Recently updated</option><optionvalue="views">Most views</option><optionvalue="comments">Most comments</option></select></div>
Nunjucks macro options
Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.
Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description. Deprecated options are marked as “Deprecated”.
If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.
Primary options
Name
Type
Description
id
string
ID for the select box. Defaults to the value of name.
Can be used to add an error message to the select component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null.
See macro options for errorMessage.
<divclass="govuk-form-group"><labelclass="govuk-label"for="location">
Choose location
</label><divid="location-hint"class="govuk-hint">
This can be different to where you went before
</div><selectclass="govuk-select"id="location"name="location"aria-describedby="location-hint"><optionvalue="choose"selected>Choose location</option><optionvalue="eastmidlands">East Midlands</option><optionvalue="eastofengland">East of England</option><optionvalue="london">London</option><optionvalue="northeast">North East</option><optionvalue="northwest">North West</option><optionvalue="southeast">South East</option><optionvalue="southwest">South West</option><optionvalue="westmidlands">West Midlands</option><optionvalue="yorkshire">Yorkshire and the Humber</option></select></div>
Nunjucks macro options
Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.
Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description. Deprecated options are marked as “Deprecated”.
If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.
Primary options
Name
Type
Description
id
string
ID for the select box. Defaults to the value of name.
Can be used to add an error message to the select component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null.
See macro options for errorMessage.
<divclass="govuk-form-group govuk-form-group--error"><labelclass="govuk-label"for="location">
Choose location
</label><divid="location-hint"class="govuk-hint">
This can be different to where you went before
</div><pid="location-error"class="govuk-error-message"><spanclass="govuk-visually-hidden">Error:</span> Select a location
</p><selectclass="govuk-select govuk-select--error"id="location"name="location"aria-describedby="location-hint location-error"><optionvalue="choose"selected>Choose location</option><optionvalue="eastmidlands">East Midlands</option><optionvalue="eastofengland">East of England</option><optionvalue="london">London</option><optionvalue="northeast">North East</option><optionvalue="northwest">North West</option><optionvalue="southeast">South East</option><optionvalue="southwest">South West</option><optionvalue="westmidlands">West Midlands</option><optionvalue="yorkshire">Yorkshire and the Humber</option></select></div>
Nunjucks macro options
Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.
Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description. Deprecated options are marked as “Deprecated”.
If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.
Primary options
Name
Type
Description
id
string
ID for the select box. Defaults to the value of name.
Can be used to add an error message to the select component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null.
See macro options for errorMessage.
Any input that’s designed to let a user select multiple options must offer a way to do so without relying on ‘click and drag’ movements or keyboard and mouse combination actions. This is to comply with WCAG 2.2 success criterion 2.5.7 Dragging movements.
Research on this component
User research has shown that some users struggle with selects.
Known issues and gaps
Research shows that users can struggle with selects, particularly when users have:
been unable to close the select
tried to type into the select
confused focused items with selected items
tried to pinch zoom select options on smaller devices
not understood that they can scroll down to see more items, or how to