Components

Textarea

Open this example in a new tab

HTML

<div class="govuk-form-group">
  <h1 class="govuk-label-wrapper">
    <label class="govuk-label govuk-label--l" for="more-detail">
      Can you provide more detail?
    </label>
  </h1>
  <div id="more-detail-hint" class="govuk-hint">
    Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details.
  </div>
  <textarea class="govuk-textarea" id="more-detail" name="moreDetail" rows="5" aria-describedby="more-detail-hint"></textarea>
</div>

Nunjucks

Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Name	Type	Description
id	string	Required. The ID of the textarea.
name	string	Required. The name of the textarea, which is submitted with the form data.
spellcheck	boolean	Optional field to enable or disable the spellcheck attribute on the textarea.
rows	string	Optional number of textarea rows (default is 5 rows).
value	string	Optional initial value of the textarea.
disabled	boolean	If true, textarea will be disabled.
describedBy	string	One or more element IDs to add to the aria-describedby attribute, used to provide additional descriptive information for screenreader users.
label	object	Required. The label used by the textarea component. See label.
hint	object	Can be used to add a hint to the textarea component. See hint.
errorMessage	object	Can be used to add an error message to the textarea component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null. See errorMessage.
formGroup	object	Additional options for the form group containing the textarea component. See formGroup.
classes	string	Classes to add to the textarea.
autocomplete	string	Attribute to identify input purpose, for example "street-address". See autofill for full list of attributes that can be used.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the textarea.

Options for formGroup object

Name	Type	Description
classes	string	Classes to add to the form group (for example to show error state for the whole group).
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the form group.
beforeInput	object	Content to add before the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup beforeInput.
afterInput	object	Content to add after the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup afterInput.

Options for formGroup beforeInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for formGroup afterInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for label component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
for	string	The value of the for attribute, the ID of the input the label is associated with.
isPageHeading	boolean	Whether the label also acts as the heading for the page.
classes	string	Classes to add to the label tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the label tag.

Options for hint component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
id	string	Optional ID attribute to add to the hint span tag.
classes	string	Classes to add to the hint span tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the hint span tag.

{% from "govuk/components/textarea/macro.njk" import govukTextarea %}

{{ govukTextarea({
  name: "moreDetail",
  id: "more-detail",
  label: {
    text: "Can you provide more detail?",
    classes: "govuk-label--l",
    isPageHeading: true
  },
  hint: {
    text: "Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details."
  }
}) }}

When to use this component

Use the textarea component when you need to let users enter an amount of text that’s longer than a single line.

When not to use this component

Users can find open-ended questions difficult to answer. It might be better to break up one complex question into a series of simple ones, for example where users can select from options using radios.

If you need to ask an open question

Do not use the textarea component if you need to let users enter shorter answers no longer than a single line, such as a phone number or name. In this case, you should use the text input component.

How it works

You must label textareas. Placeholder text is not a suitable substitute for a label, as it disappears when users click inside the textarea.

Labels must be aligned above the textarea they refer to. They should be short, direct and written in sentence case. Do not use colons at the end of labels.

There are 2 ways to use the textarea component. You can use HTML or, if you’re using Nunjucks or the GOV.UK Prototype Kit, you can use the Nunjucks macro.

Open this example in a new tab

HTML

<div class="govuk-form-group">
  <h1 class="govuk-label-wrapper">
    <label class="govuk-label govuk-label--l" for="more-detail">
      Can you provide more detail?
    </label>
  </h1>
  <div id="more-detail-hint" class="govuk-hint">
    Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details.
  </div>
  <textarea class="govuk-textarea" id="more-detail" name="moreDetail" rows="5" aria-describedby="more-detail-hint"></textarea>
</div>

Nunjucks

Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Name	Type	Description
id	string	Required. The ID of the textarea.
name	string	Required. The name of the textarea, which is submitted with the form data.
spellcheck	boolean	Optional field to enable or disable the spellcheck attribute on the textarea.
rows	string	Optional number of textarea rows (default is 5 rows).
value	string	Optional initial value of the textarea.
disabled	boolean	If true, textarea will be disabled.
describedBy	string	One or more element IDs to add to the aria-describedby attribute, used to provide additional descriptive information for screenreader users.
label	object	Required. The label used by the textarea component. See label.
hint	object	Can be used to add a hint to the textarea component. See hint.
errorMessage	object	Can be used to add an error message to the textarea component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null. See errorMessage.
formGroup	object	Additional options for the form group containing the textarea component. See formGroup.
classes	string	Classes to add to the textarea.
autocomplete	string	Attribute to identify input purpose, for example "street-address". See autofill for full list of attributes that can be used.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the textarea.

Options for formGroup object

Name	Type	Description
classes	string	Classes to add to the form group (for example to show error state for the whole group).
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the form group.
beforeInput	object	Content to add before the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup beforeInput.
afterInput	object	Content to add after the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup afterInput.

Options for formGroup beforeInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for formGroup afterInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for label component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
for	string	The value of the for attribute, the ID of the input the label is associated with.
isPageHeading	boolean	Whether the label also acts as the heading for the page.
classes	string	Classes to add to the label tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the label tag.

Options for hint component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
id	string	Optional ID attribute to add to the hint span tag.
classes	string	Classes to add to the hint span tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the hint span tag.

{% from "govuk/components/textarea/macro.njk" import govukTextarea %}

{{ govukTextarea({
  name: "moreDetail",
  id: "more-detail",
  label: {
    text: "Can you provide more detail?",
    classes: "govuk-label--l",
    isPageHeading: true
  },
  hint: {
    text: "Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details."
  }
}) }}

Use appropriately-sized textareas

Make the height of a textarea proportional to the amount of text you expect users to enter. You can set the height of a textarea by by specifying the rows attribute.

Open this example in a new tab

HTML

<div class="govuk-form-group">
  <h1 class="govuk-label-wrapper">
    <label class="govuk-label govuk-label--l" for="more-detail">
      Can you provide more detail?
    </label>
  </h1>
  <div id="more-detail-hint" class="govuk-hint">
    Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details.
  </div>
  <textarea class="govuk-textarea" id="more-detail" name="moreDetail" rows="8" aria-describedby="more-detail-hint"></textarea>
</div>

Nunjucks

Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Name	Type	Description
id	string	Required. The ID of the textarea.
name	string	Required. The name of the textarea, which is submitted with the form data.
spellcheck	boolean	Optional field to enable or disable the spellcheck attribute on the textarea.
rows	string	Optional number of textarea rows (default is 5 rows).
value	string	Optional initial value of the textarea.
disabled	boolean	If true, textarea will be disabled.
describedBy	string	One or more element IDs to add to the aria-describedby attribute, used to provide additional descriptive information for screenreader users.
label	object	Required. The label used by the textarea component. See label.
hint	object	Can be used to add a hint to the textarea component. See hint.
errorMessage	object	Can be used to add an error message to the textarea component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null. See errorMessage.
formGroup	object	Additional options for the form group containing the textarea component. See formGroup.
classes	string	Classes to add to the textarea.
autocomplete	string	Attribute to identify input purpose, for example "street-address". See autofill for full list of attributes that can be used.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the textarea.

Options for formGroup object

Name	Type	Description
classes	string	Classes to add to the form group (for example to show error state for the whole group).
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the form group.
beforeInput	object	Content to add before the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup beforeInput.
afterInput	object	Content to add after the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup afterInput.

Options for formGroup beforeInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for formGroup afterInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for label component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
for	string	The value of the for attribute, the ID of the input the label is associated with.
isPageHeading	boolean	Whether the label also acts as the heading for the page.
classes	string	Classes to add to the label tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the label tag.

Options for hint component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
id	string	Optional ID attribute to add to the hint span tag.
classes	string	Classes to add to the hint span tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the hint span tag.

{% from "govuk/components/textarea/macro.njk" import govukTextarea %}

{{ govukTextarea({
  name: "moreDetail",
  id: "more-detail",
  rows: "8",
  label: {
    text: "Can you provide more detail?",
    classes: "govuk-label--l",
    isPageHeading: true
  },
  hint: {
    text: "Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details."
  }
}) }}

Do not disable copy and paste

Users will often need to copy and paste information into a textarea, so do not stop them from doing this.

If you’re asking more than one question on the page

If you’re asking more than one question on the page, do not set the contents of the <label> as the page heading. Read more about asking multiple questions on question pages.

Open this example in a new tab

HTML

<div class="govuk-form-group">
  <label class="govuk-label" for="more-detail">
    Can you provide more detail?
  </label>
  <textarea class="govuk-textarea" id="more-detail" name="moreDetail" rows="5"></textarea>
</div>

Nunjucks

Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Name	Type	Description
id	string	Required. The ID of the textarea.
name	string	Required. The name of the textarea, which is submitted with the form data.
spellcheck	boolean	Optional field to enable or disable the spellcheck attribute on the textarea.
rows	string	Optional number of textarea rows (default is 5 rows).
value	string	Optional initial value of the textarea.
disabled	boolean	If true, textarea will be disabled.
describedBy	string	One or more element IDs to add to the aria-describedby attribute, used to provide additional descriptive information for screenreader users.
label	object	Required. The label used by the textarea component. See label.
hint	object	Can be used to add a hint to the textarea component. See hint.
errorMessage	object	Can be used to add an error message to the textarea component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null. See errorMessage.
formGroup	object	Additional options for the form group containing the textarea component. See formGroup.
classes	string	Classes to add to the textarea.
autocomplete	string	Attribute to identify input purpose, for example "street-address". See autofill for full list of attributes that can be used.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the textarea.

Options for formGroup object

Name	Type	Description
classes	string	Classes to add to the form group (for example to show error state for the whole group).
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the form group.
beforeInput	object	Content to add before the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup beforeInput.
afterInput	object	Content to add after the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup afterInput.

Options for formGroup beforeInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for formGroup afterInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for label component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
for	string	The value of the for attribute, the ID of the input the label is associated with.
isPageHeading	boolean	Whether the label also acts as the heading for the page.
classes	string	Classes to add to the label tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the label tag.

Options for hint component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
id	string	Optional ID attribute to add to the hint span tag.
classes	string	Classes to add to the hint span tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the hint span tag.

{% from "govuk/components/textarea/macro.njk" import govukTextarea %}

{{ govukTextarea({
  name: "moreDetail",
  id: "more-detail",
  label: {
    text: "Can you provide more detail?"
  }
}) }}

Limiting the number of characters

If there’s a good reason to limit the number of characters users can enter, you can use the character count component.

Error messages

Error messages should be styled like this:

Open this example in a new tab

HTML

<div class="govuk-form-group govuk-form-group--error">
  <h1 class="govuk-label-wrapper">
    <label class="govuk-label govuk-label--l" for="more-detail">
      Can you provide more detail?
    </label>
  </h1>
  <div id="more-detail-hint" class="govuk-hint">
    Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details.
  </div>
  <p id="more-detail-error" class="govuk-error-message">
    <span class="govuk-visually-hidden">Error:</span> Enter more detail
  </p>
  <textarea class="govuk-textarea govuk-textarea--error" id="more-detail" name="moreDetail" rows="5" aria-describedby="more-detail-hint more-detail-error"></textarea>
</div>

Nunjucks

Nunjucks macro options

Use options to customise the appearance, content and behaviour of a component when using a macro, for example, changing the text.

Some options are required for the macro to work; these are marked as “Required” in the option description.

If you’re using Nunjucks macros in production with “html” options, or ones ending with “html”, you must sanitise the HTML to protect against cross-site scripting exploits.

Name	Type	Description
id	string	Required. The ID of the textarea.
name	string	Required. The name of the textarea, which is submitted with the form data.
spellcheck	boolean	Optional field to enable or disable the spellcheck attribute on the textarea.
rows	string	Optional number of textarea rows (default is 5 rows).
value	string	Optional initial value of the textarea.
disabled	boolean	If true, textarea will be disabled.
describedBy	string	One or more element IDs to add to the aria-describedby attribute, used to provide additional descriptive information for screenreader users.
label	object	Required. The label used by the textarea component. See label.
hint	object	Can be used to add a hint to the textarea component. See hint.
errorMessage	object	Can be used to add an error message to the textarea component. The error message component will not display if you use a falsy value for errorMessage, for example false or null. See errorMessage.
formGroup	object	Additional options for the form group containing the textarea component. See formGroup.
classes	string	Classes to add to the textarea.
autocomplete	string	Attribute to identify input purpose, for example "street-address". See autofill for full list of attributes that can be used.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the textarea.

Options for formGroup object

Name	Type	Description
classes	string	Classes to add to the form group (for example to show error state for the whole group).
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the form group.
beforeInput	object	Content to add before the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup beforeInput.
afterInput	object	Content to add after the textarea used by the textarea component. See formGroup afterInput.

Options for formGroup beforeInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add before the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for formGroup afterInput object

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. Text to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. HTML to add after the textarea. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.

Options for label component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the label. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
for	string	The value of the for attribute, the ID of the input the label is associated with.
isPageHeading	boolean	Whether the label also acts as the heading for the page.
classes	string	Classes to add to the label tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the label tag.

Options for hint component

Name	Type	Description
text	string	Required. If html is set, this is not required. Text to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
html	string	Required. If text is set, this is not required. HTML to use within the hint. If html is provided, the text option will be ignored.
id	string	Optional ID attribute to add to the hint span tag.
classes	string	Classes to add to the hint span tag.
attributes	object	HTML attributes (for example data attributes) to add to the hint span tag.

{% from "govuk/components/textarea/macro.njk" import govukTextarea %}

{{ govukTextarea({
  name: "moreDetail",
  id: "more-detail",
  label: {
    text: "Can you provide more detail?",
    classes: "govuk-label--l",
    isPageHeading: true
  },
  hint: {
    text: "Do not include personal or financial information, like your National Insurance number or credit card details."
  },
  errorMessage: {
    text: "Enter more detail"
  }
}) }}

Make sure errors follow the guidance in error message and have specific error messages for specific error states.

If the input is empty

Say ‘Enter [whatever it is]’.

For example, ‘Enter summary’.

If the input is too long

Say ‘[whatever it is] must be [number] characters or less’.

For example, ‘Summary must be 400 characters or less’.

If the input is too short

Say ‘[whatever it is] must be [number] characters or more’.

For example, ‘Summary must be 10 characters or more’.

If the input is too long or too short

Say ‘[whatever it is] must be between [number] and [number] characters’.

For example, ‘Summary must be between 10 and 400 characters’.

If the input uses characters that are not allowed and you know what the characters are

Say ‘[whatever it is] must not include [characters]’.

For example, ‘Summary must not include è and £’.

If the input uses characters that are not allowed and you do not know what the characters are

Say ‘[whatever it is] must only include [list of allowed characters]’.

For example, ‘Summary must only include letters a to z, hyphens, spaces and apostrophes.

Help improve this component

To help make sure that this page is useful, relevant and up to date, you can:

• take part in the ‘Textarea’ discussion on GitHub and share your research
• propose a change – read more about how to propose changes in GitHub

Tell us if your service uses this component

Take part in our usage survey (opens in a new tab) to help us improve this component to better meet the needs of the services that use it.

Need help?

If you’ve got a question about the GOV.UK Design System, contact the team.